Physiology is the study of how living organisms function, focusing on the mechanisms that sustain life. It explores how cells, tissues, organs, and systems work together to maintain homeostasis and adapt to changing environments. The course covers topics such as cellular processes, nervous and endocrine regulation, cardiovascular dynamics, respiratory function, renal physiology, digestion, metabolism, and musculoskeletal interactions. It integrates knowledge from biology, chemistry, and physics to explain biological functions at molecular, cellular, and systemic levels. Practical components often include laboratory experiments, simulations, and case studies to reinforce theoretical concepts. Understanding physiology is fundamental in medicine, healthcare, and research, as it provides insights into disease mechanisms, treatments, and overall human health.