Economics as a course explores how individuals, businesses, and governments allocate resources to satisfy their needs and wants. It examines how markets function, how prices are determined, and how economic policies shape societies. Students learn fundamental concepts like supply and demand, opportunity cost, inflation, and economic growth. The course also delves into microeconomics, which focuses on individual decision-making and market structures, and macroeconomics, which studies national and global economic trends, including unemployment, fiscal policy, and monetary policy. 

Through theoretical models and real-world applications, economics helps students understand financial systems, trade, and the impact of government interventions. The course often includes quantitative analysis, requiring skills in data interpretation, statistics, and mathematical reasoning. Students may also study economic history, behavioral economics, and contemporary issues such as income inequality, globalization, and sustainability. 

Economics is highly interdisciplinary, drawing from mathematics, political science, and sociology. It equips students with analytical and problem-solving skills applicable to careers in finance, business, public policy, and international relations. The subject encourages critical thinking and decision-making, making it valuable for understanding both personal financial choices and large-scale economic challenges.