Pharmacology and toxicology is a scientific discipline that focuses on the study of drugs, their effects on biological systems, and the potential risks associated with their use. The course explores how drugs interact with the body, their mechanisms of action, therapeutic applications, and possible adverse effects. It also delves into the processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, as well as the principles of drug development and regulatory requirements. Toxicology, a key component of the course, examines the harmful effects of chemicals, poisons, and environmental toxins, including their impact on human health and ecosystems. The course integrates principles from chemistry, biology, and medicine to assess drug safety, understand dose-response relationships, and evaluate the risks associated with exposure to various substances. Students learn laboratory techniques, analytical methods, and risk assessment strategies used in both pharmaceutical and environmental toxicology. Through case studies and research, the course provides insights into real-world applications, including drug therapy, poison control, and regulatory science.