Microbiology is a branch of biology that focuses on the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, and protozoa. The course explores their structure, function, classification, genetics, metabolism, and ecological roles. It covers fundamental concepts such as microbial diversity, growth, reproduction, and their interactions with the environment, plants, animals, and humans.  

The course also introduces laboratory techniques for culturing, identifying, and analyzing microorganisms, using tools like microscopes, staining methods, and biochemical tests. Special emphasis is placed on the role of microbes in health, disease, biotechnology, industry, and environmental processes. Topics such as immunology, microbial genetics, antibiotic resistance, and microbial biotechnology are often included.  

Students learn about the beneficial and harmful effects of microorganisms, their role in food production and spoilage, and their applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry. The course provides a foundation for careers in medical microbiology, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, public health, and research.