Physiology is the study of how living organisms function, focusing on the mechanisms that regulate biological processes at various levels, from molecules and cells to tissues, organs, and entire systems. It explores how the body maintains homeostasis, adapts to changes, and responds to internal and external stimuli. The course covers fundamental concepts such as cell physiology, neurophysiology, cardiovascular physiology, respiratory physiology, renal function, and endocrine regulation. It integrates knowledge from anatomy, biochemistry, and physics to explain how different systems work together to sustain life. 

Emphasis is placed on understanding normal physiological functions as well as how dysfunction leads to disease, providing a foundation for medical, health, and biological sciences. Students learn through lectures, laboratory experiments, and case studies, using techniques such as microscopy, electrophysiology, and biochemical assays. The course also examines physiological adaptations in different environments, including exercise, stress, and extreme conditions. By the end of the course, students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills essential for careers in medicine, research, and healthcare.