Economics as a course explores how individuals, businesses, and governments make choices about allocating limited resources to satisfy needs and wants. It examines the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, focusing on decision-making processes and their impact on society. The subject is divided into microeconomics, which analyzes individual and firm behavior in specific markets, and macroeconomics, which studies broader economic factors such as inflation, unemployment, and economic growth. 

Students learn about key economic concepts like supply and demand, market structures, fiscal and monetary policies, international trade, and economic development. The course also emphasizes analytical skills, problem-solving, and data interpretation to understand economic trends and policies. Through theoretical models and real-world applications, economics provides insights into financial systems, public policies, and global economic interactions. It is a versatile field that connects to various disciplines, including business, finance, and political science, making it valuable for careers in banking, policymaking, consulting, and research.