Physiology is the study of how living organisms function, focusing on the mechanisms that sustain life at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and system levels. It explores how different parts of the body interact to maintain homeostasis and respond to internal and external stimuli. The course covers essential topics such as the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, and musculoskeletal systems, as well as cellular and molecular physiology. It integrates concepts from physics, chemistry, and biology to explain bodily functions and regulatory mechanisms. Practical components often include laboratory experiments, simulations, and case studies to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios. Physiology is fundamental to medicine, sports science, and biomedical research, providing a foundation for understanding disease mechanisms, drug interactions, and physiological adaptations.