Biotechnology is an interdisciplinary field that applies biological systems, organisms, and cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that improve human life and the environment. As a course, biotechnology integrates principles from biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and computer science to explore various applications in medicine, agriculture, industry, and environmental science.

Core Areas of Study in Biotechnology

1. Molecular Biology & Genetics – Understanding DNA, RNA, proteins, and genetic engineering techniques.  

2. Microbiology & Immunology– Study of microorganisms and their roles in health, disease, and industrial applications.  

3. Biochemistry – Chemical processes within and related to living organisms.  

4. Bioprocess Engineering– Application of engineering principles to produce biological products like vaccines and enzymes.  

5. Genetic Engineering & Recombinant DNA Technology– Manipulation of genetic material for medical and agricultural applications.  

6. Bioinformatics – Use of computational tools to analyze biological data, such as genomics and proteomics.  

7. Industrial & Environmental Biotechnology– Application of biotechnology in waste management, biofuels, and sustainable development.  

8. Medical & Pharmaceutical Biotechnology – Development of drugs, gene therapy, and diagnostics.  

9. Agricultural Biotechnology – Genetic modification of crops and livestock for improved yield and resistance.  

Career Opportunities

Graduates in biotechnology can work in various industries, including:  

- Pharmaceuticals and healthcare  

- Agriculture and food technology  

- Environmental conservation and bioenergy  

- Research and development (R&D)  

- Forensic science and bioinformatics