Microbiology is the scientific study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. As a course, it covers areas such as microbiological techniques, immunology, virology, bacteriology, and environmental microbiology. Students learn how microorganisms affect human health, ecosystems, and industries like food production, medicine, and biotechnology. It prepares them for careers in healthcare, research, environmental science, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology.