Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. It covers areas like microbial physiology, immunology, virology, pathogenic microbiology, and laboratory techniques. The course prepares students for careers in healthcare, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, food safety, and research by equipping them with the skills to understand and manage microorganisms and their impact on humans, animals, plants, and the environment.