Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, processes, and history. As a course, it explores the physical materials that make up the planet, such as rocks, minerals, and soils, as well as the dynamic processes that shape the Earth's surface over time, including earthquakes, volcanoes, erosion, and plate tectonics. Students learn how to analyze geological formations, understand Earth's history through fossils and rock layers, and interpret the effects of natural forces on the environment. The course often includes both theoretical learning and practical fieldwork, helping students develop skills in observation, mapping, sampling, and data interpretation. Geology is essential for understanding natural resources, environmental challenges, and the risks associated with natural disasters. It also lays the foundation for careers in areas such as environmental science, natural resource management, geotechnical engineering, and research.