Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, its materials, the processes that act upon them, and the history and development of the planet over time. As a course, it introduces students to the structure and composition of the Earth, including rocks, minerals, and the layers of the Earth’s interior. It explores dynamic processes such as plate tectonics, volcanic activity, earthquakes, erosion, and sedimentation, all of which shape the Earth's surface. Students learn to interpret the geological record through the study of fossils, stratigraphy, and radiometric dating, helping to reconstruct past climates and environments. The course often includes both theoretical learning and practical components such as laboratory work and field studies, where students observe rock formations, collect samples, and analyze geological data. Geology also connects to other sciences like chemistry, physics, biology, and environmental science, making it a multidisciplinary field. It plays a crucial role in natural resource exploration, environmental management, and understanding natural hazards, contributing significantly to societal needs and sustainability efforts.