Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology is a course that explores the intersection of microbiology and biotechnology within the pharmaceutical sciences. It focuses on the role of microorganisms in the development, production, and quality control of pharmaceutical products. Students learn about microbial physiology, genetics, and pathogenesis, as well as how microbes can be both beneficial and harmful in pharmaceutical contexts. The course also covers the use of biotechnology in drug development, including genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, and the production of biopharmaceuticals like vaccines, antibiotics, and monoclonal antibodies. Emphasis is placed on aseptic techniques, sterilization processes, microbial contamination control, and regulatory standards for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Through both theoretical and practical approaches, the course prepares students to understand and apply microbiological and biotechnological principles in pharmaceutical research, development, and industrial applications.