Oral pathology and oral biology is a course that focuses on the study of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial region, as well as the biological processes that underlie the development, structure, and function of oral tissues. It combines elements of pathology, microbiology, immunology, genetics, and molecular biology to help students understand how various conditions develop and affect oral health. The course typically covers topics such as the mechanisms of disease, tissue responses to injury, microbial interactions in the oral cavity, developmental anomalies, neoplastic processes, and systemic diseases with oral manifestations. Students learn to identify pathological changes in oral tissues, interpret laboratory findings, and relate clinical symptoms to underlying biological processes. This knowledge forms a critical foundation for diagnosis, treatment planning, and management of patients in clinical dental practice.