Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, its materials, structures, processes, and history. It explores how the Earth's surface and interior have changed over time, including the formation of rocks, minerals, and landforms. The course covers topics such as plate tectonics, volcanism, earthquakes, erosion, and sedimentation. Students learn about the interactions between the Earth's systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, and how these processes shape the planet. Geology also involves the study of fossils, which help scientists understand past life forms and climate changes. Practical aspects of the course may include fieldwork, laboratory analysis, and the use of geological tools to study rock formations and mineral compositions. Geologists apply their knowledge in various fields, including environmental conservation, natural resource management, and hazard assessment. The course provides a foundation for careers in research, mining, petroleum exploration, engineering geology, and environmental science.