Toxicology is the scientific study of the adverse effects of chemicals, drugs, and other substances on living organisms. It involves understanding how different toxins interact with biological systems, their mechanisms of action, and the factors that influence toxicity, such as dose, exposure duration, and individual susceptibility. The course covers various branches, including environmental, forensic, clinical, and industrial toxicology, each focusing on different aspects of toxic substance exposure and its consequences.

Students learn about the principles of dose-response relationships, toxicokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of toxins), and toxicodynamics (effects of toxins at the molecular and cellular levels). Risk assessment and regulatory toxicology are also important topics, as they help in evaluating safety limits and setting guidelines to protect public health. Laboratory techniques for detecting and analyzing toxic substances, as well as methods for mitigating toxic effects, are integral components of the coursework.

The course also explores the impact of poisons on different organ systems, including the liver, kidneys, nervous system, and immune system. Case studies on poisoning incidents, drug overdoses, and environmental contamination provide practical insights into real-world toxicological issues. Toxicology plays a crucial role in medicine, pharmacology, environmental science, and public health, making it a multidisciplinary field with applications in research, industry, and policy-making.