Pharmacology is a branch of medical and biological sciences that focuses on the study of drugs, their effects on living organisms, and their mechanisms of action. It explores how drugs interact with the body, including their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, collectively known as pharmacokinetics. It also examines how drugs produce their effects at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels, which is referred to as pharmacodynamics.  

The course covers various drug classes, their therapeutic uses, potential side effects, and drug interactions. It provides knowledge on the principles of drug development, from discovery and clinical trials to regulatory approval. Special emphasis is placed on the safe and effective use of medications in treating diseases while minimizing adverse effects.  

Students learn about different drug administration routes, the factors influencing drug action, and individual variations in drug response due to genetics, age, and disease conditions. The course also includes toxicology, which deals with the harmful effects of chemicals, and the study of how drugs are used in medical practice, known as clinical pharmacology.  

Pharmacology is essential for medical, pharmacy, nursing, and other healthcare-related fields. It combines elements of chemistry, physiology, and pathology to provide a comprehensive understanding of drug actions and their applications in healthcare. The course involves theoretical knowledge, laboratory experiments, and clinical case studies to ensure students develop a strong foundation for future practice in the medical and pharmaceutical industries.